Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides (FMF), one type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a rare disease in which white blood cells, namely lymphocytes become harmful or cancerous causing adverse effect on skin. Red patches on skin without any injury can be a sign of the disease. The disease is more prominent in males than in females with a ratio between 1.6 and 2. Several treatments are there but they are performed based on how severe the disease is and previous medical treatments. Treatments such as Irradiation, Photochemotherapy, using ultraviolet A, light treatment enhanced with psoralen (PUVA), photodynamic therapy, carbon dioxide laser surgery are performed. Performing surgery first has its own benefit as providing radiation to the same location at a later time preserves options for future therapy.
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Growing Prevalence of Radiation Therapy as a Treatment
Radiation therapy uses radiations to destroy the cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be performed to get rid of the cancerous cells entirely or to control the symptoms in severe stages. A study by Thomas et al reported that a single dose of radiation (700-800cGy) results in giving much more palliations than multiple fraction radiation treatment among patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group Network advices total dose of 8-12Gy to be given to patients of CTCL. According to redjournal.org, radiation therapy doses provide good clinical response and less toxicity.
Among 270 lesions on which radiation treatment was performed, 97% were treated with 700cGy of radiation. The complete response rate was among 94.4% lesions and partial response was witnessed in 3.7% of patients. Only 1 lesion showed zero response. Therefore, radiation treatment may be a good response for mycosis fungoids and thus, its demand may fuel in the treatment sector.
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Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) may Help Grow the Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Treatment Market
Many patients suffering from advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas may be treated by ECP. It is a painless procedure that treats the white blood cells improving the symptoms. Besides, CTCL, ECP is used for treating lung transplant rejection, heart transplant rejection, and chronic graft versus host disease. The procedure is safe and typically takes 2 hours in total. The procedure can be performed with a single piece of equipment and is easier to evaluate the quality and quantity of treated mononuclear cells. Slight side effects can be observed such as numbness or headache and eyes and skin is more sensitive to sunlight after the treatment. Moreover, ECP treatment is cost effective as compared to other treatments.
Thus, comfortable and speedy treatment plays a crucial role in encouraging the patients to adopt the procedure. Awareness regarding these treatments is another factor why the market may fuel growth.
High Cost of Treatment may Impact the Market
Chemotherapies or any other treatment for cancer is high in cost and large population of the world cannot afford that which cause deaths and may impact the Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Treatment market also. For instance, an article by ncbi.nlm.nih.gov reports, phototherapy with psoralens and ultraviolet A light (PUVA) cost almost 3,187 Euros for 6 months, electron beam therapy costs around 7,913 Euros for 6 months. Also, higher incidences of the diseases are reported in Spain only.
India is also the region where a large number of population do not have health insurance and they cannot pay out of pocket medical expenses due to lack of resources. India spends only 3.89% of GDP on health care as compared to US which spends 17.8%. Thus, in developing economies, the Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Treatment market may be hampered due to lack of awareness and less resources available.
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Competitive Landscape
Major companies in the global Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Treatment Market are
- Astellas Pharma, Inc
- Bayer AG
- Novartis AG
- Pfizer Inc
- Merck Co., Inc.
- GlaxoSmithKline plc
- Abbott, Mylan N.V, etc.
Many innovations and researches are being performed to develop more painless and cost effective treatments for patients. For instance,
In July 2020, Mallinckrodt plc, a global pharmaceutical company, and Termo BCT, a global leader in blood component in Australia announced that the Medical Services Advisory Committee and Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee recommended UVADEX for extracorporeal administration with the THERAKOS CELLEX Photopheresis System. UVADEX is indicated for the treatment of the skin manifestation of CTCL and steroid refractory and steroid intolerant chronic graft versus HSC transplantation.
A research article by zaad.org, in April 2020 focuses on CADMI molecule. Based on research findings, the report states that CADMI might contribute to the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoids by inducing TCR signalling and interaction between neoplastic cells and microenvironment. Its therapeutic applications and quality of directly interacting with T-cell receptor to enhance phosphorylation, may be valuable and promising in diagnosis.
In June 2020, the 4th World Congress of Cutaneous Lymphoma suggested the use of chlormethine gel which is a topical therapy for mycosis fungoids. It is an alkylating agent which mechanism of action including cross linking of DNA in rapidly dividing cells, leading to death of the cell. The pivotel 201 study reported that the gel can be an advantage for early stage mycosis fungoides.